Programming And Metaprogramming Pdf
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Answering my own question The best introductions I've found so far are chapter 10, 'Static Metaprogramming in C' from Generative Programming, Methods, Tools, and Applications by Krzysztof Czarnecki and Ulrich W. Eisenecker, ISBN-13: 775; and chapter 17, 'Metaprograms' of C Templates: The Complete Guide by David Vandevoorder and Nicolai M.
- The Limits of Template Metaprogramming.
- Template Metaprogramming in C++ CS242, Fall 2009 Keith Schwarz. A C++ template is a type or function parameterized over a set of types, functions,.
Josuttis, ISBN-13: 843. Todd Veldhuizen has an excellent tutorial. A good resource for C programming in general is Modern C Design by Andrei Alexandrescu, ISBN-13: 310. This book mixes a bit of metaprogramming with other template techniques. For metaprogramming in particular, see sections 2.1 'Compile-Time Assertions', 2.4 'Mapping Integral Constants to Types', 2.6 'Type Selection', 2.7 'Detecting Convertibility and Inheritance at Compile Time', 2.9 ' NullType and EmptyType' and 2.10 'Type Traits'. The best intermediate/advanced resource I've found is C Template Metaprogramming by David Abrahams and Aleksey Gurtovoy, ISBN-13: 256 If you'd prefer just one book, get C Templates: The Complete Guide since it is also the definitive reference for templates in general.
. Metaprogramming is a programming technique in which have the ability to treat programs as their data. It means that a program can be designed to read, generate, analyse or transform other programs, and even modify itself while running.
In some cases, this allows programmers to minimize the number of lines of code to express a solution, thus reducing the development time. It also allows programs greater flexibility to efficiently handle new situations without recompilation. Metaprogramming can be used to move computations from to, to generate code using compile time computations, and to enable. The language in which the metaprogram is written is called the. The language of the programs that are manipulated is called the language. The ability of a programming language to be its own metalanguage is called or 'reflexivity'. Reflection is a valuable language feature to facilitate metaprogramming.
Metaprogramming was popular in the 1970s and 1980s using list processing languages such as. Were popular in the 1980s and enabled applications that could process code.
They were frequently used for applications. Contents.
Approaches Metaprogramming enables developers to write programs and develop code that falls under the paradigm. Having the programming language itself as a (as in, or ) is also very useful; this is known as.
Generic programming invokes a metaprogramming facility within a language by allowing one to write code without the concern of specifying data types since they can be supplied as parameters when used. Metaprogramming usually works in one of three ways. The first approach is to expose the internals of the run-time engine to the programming code through (APIs) like that for the emitter. The second approach is dynamic execution of expressions that contain programming commands, often composed from strings, but can also be from other methods using arguments or context, like Javascript.
Thus, 'programs can write programs.' Although both approaches can be used in the same language, most languages tend to lean toward one or the other. The third approach is to step outside the language entirely. General purpose systems such as compilers, which accept language descriptions and carry out arbitrary transformations on those languages, are direct implementations of general metaprogramming. This allows metaprogramming to be applied to virtually any target language without regard to whether that target language has any metaprogramming abilities of its own. One can see this at work with and how it allows to tackle some limitations faced in by using constructs that were part of the Scheme language itself to extend C.
Examples A simple example of a metaprogram is this, which is an example of. #!/bin/sh # metaprogram echo '#!/bin/sh' program for i in $(seq 992 ) do echo 'echo $i ' program done chmod +x program This script (or program) generates a new 993-line program that prints out the numbers 1–992.
This is only an illustration of how to use code to write more code; it is not the most efficient way to print out a list of numbers. Nonetheless, a programmer can write and execute this metaprogram in less than a minute, and will have generated exactly 1000 lines of code in that amount of time. A is a special kind of metaprogram that produces its own source code as its output. Quines are generally of recreational or theoretical interest only. Not all metaprogramming involves generative programming. If programs are modifiable at runtime or if incremental compilation is available (such as in, and ), then techniques can be used to perform metaprogramming without actually generating source code. Is probably the quintessential language with metaprogramming facilities, both because of its historical precedence and because of the simplicity and power of its metaprogramming.
In Lisp metaprogramming, the unquote operator (typically a comma) introduces code that is evaluated at program definition time rather than at run time; see. The metaprogramming language is thus identical to the host programming language, and existing Lisp routines can be directly reused for metaprogramming, if desired. This approach has been implemented in other languages by incorporating an interpreter in the program, which works directly with the program’s data.
There are implementations of this kind for some common high-level languages, such as ’ for. One style of metaprogramming is to employ (DSLs). A fairly common example of using DSLs involves generative metaprogramming: and, two tools used to generate and, let the user describe the language using and, and embed the complex algorithms required to efficiently parse the language. Support and challenges One of the benefits of metaprogramming is that it increases the productivity of developers once they get past the phase in the learning phase. Some argue that there is a sharp learning curve to make complete use of the metaprogramming features and to take advantage of it.
C++ Programming Pdf
Since metaprogramming gives more flexibility and configurability at runtime, misuse or incorrect use of the metaprogramming can result in unwarranted and unexpected errors that can be extremely difficult to debug to an average developer. It can introduce risks in the system and make it more vulnerable if not used with care.
Template Metaprogramming
Some of the common problems which can occur due to wrong use of metaprogramming are inability of the compiler to identify missing configuration parameters, invalid or incorrect data can result in unknown exception or different results. Due to this, some believe that only high-skilled developers should work on developing features which exercise metaprogramming in a language or platform and average developers must learn how to use these features as part of convention.
C# Metaprogramming
Uses in programming languages Macro systems. Scheme. macros Macro assemblers The and derivatives had powerful facilities that were often used to generate complete programs or sections of programs (for different operating systems for instance). Macros provided with system had assembler macros that generated COBOL statements as a pre-processing step. Other assemblers, such as, also support macros. Metaclasses are provided by the following programming languages:.
Template metaprogramming. Harald Sondergaard. Retrieved 18 September 2014. Generative Programming. Walker, Max. Retrieved 28 January 2014. Krauss, Aaron.
Retrieved 14 September 2014. Joshi, Prateek.
Perpetual Enigma. Retrieved 14 August 2014. for example, instanceeval in takes a string or an anonymous function. Retrieved 30 December 2011. ^ Bicking, Ian. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
Terry, Matt. Medium Corporation. Retrieved 21 August 2014. Retrieved 2017-12-06. Rompf, Tiark; Odersky, Martin (June 2012). 55 (6): 121–130.
Chlipala, Adam (June 2010). ACM SIGPLAN Notices.
45 (6): 122–133.:. Retrieved 29 August 2012. External links. on the Program Transformation Wiki.: The first metaprogramming framework for.